Voyage from monarchy to democracy in France.

That was a blazing, burning afternoon of 17^th century. Silence was all over the place. Perhaps that was the call of upcoming storm. An honored man was moving with great self-esteem and charisma. His gesture shows his spectacular personality. He knows his corollary but he was not feared. With great courage he reaches to national razor guillotine. The apparatus used for condemnation of culprits. He kneels down his knees and within a second’s edgy guillotine cuts his neck. This magnificent person was the last king of France louis the sixteenth. The king who was considered as the gift from god, the decision maker of the fate of people, the great emperor was brutally mutilated in front of millions of people. This was the end of monarchy. Millions of people were glad that finally they wouldn’t be ruled by single kingship. They have a freedom, liberty. The philosophy of enlightenment and freedom which was praise by French philosopher Voltaire and Rousseau was finally reached to its destination. After several sacrifices finally France is freed from dominance of monarchy. People finally understand the philosophy of Rousseau that every man is born free and they must not fasten into single norm. Everyone has a right of speech, rule, and liberty to live.

  

 Not in France but also in England, Russia, Spain revolutions took place which abolish monarchy.  Every person is born free and without any distinction anyone can be a ruler. This hereditary monarchy enslaves people. History is full of such kings who have to agonize worries by the people who served him.

               All are born equally we all are equal there must not be partiality. In a contest of democracy and monarchy, democracy always win. In postmodern era democracy hailed as a basic right of human. But in contemporary scenario democracy is not always precise. People become victim of corrupted form of so-called democratic government. The gap between rich and poor continuously increasing it is demonstrated by a fact that three wealthiest individuals in the world have assets that exceed those of poorest 10 percent of the world’s population. Democracy can be installed in its true meaning when all have an equal opportunity to vote and represent the government. Nations that are failed have mostly dictatorship or monarchical government in contrast democratic government are better. Many countries in world struggle for democracy some countries fall in civil war and some get freedom from rule of aristocracy.

HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Amazingly abundant vocabulary of English with most of synonymous words, how this expressive language starts? English an official language of 94 countries around world, spoken by 1.5 billion people. Crossing over boundaries English language has become an international language. Around 1600 years ago English is not as similar as it is today. It is being multifaceted language give and adapts chunks of words and modify itself to modern language. Like other languages it transforms its shape by a long process. Invasions on British Isles and expedition by English expediter one-to-one, English language modify in to current language.

Proto English

Roman supremacy in England

Roman invaded in England while at that time their native people speak Celtic language. Roman are Latin speaker they try to impose their language in Celtic peoples. Their Innate people ask Germanic tribes for their help. Roman was already weak and Germanic peoples easily occupy the land of England

Old English

The story of English language really starts when three Germanic tribes named Anglo, Saxon and jute invades in British Isles. Anglo tribes come from Englaland from which the word “England” and “English” derived.  They have a language of Anglo Saxon also called old English which is surprisingly swiftly adapted by local peoples. Yet it is difficult to understand old English but it builds strong pillars for current English language and gives various words like “water”, “be” and “strong”.

Middle English

Viking steps on land of Britain

Vikings from modern days Norway and Denmark were the most treacherous tribes that invade on England. The language of Norse people mixed up with old English and Again, English took a new-fangled form and became more communicative. Vikings give it more than 2000 words including egg, knife, run, and Vikings (simply Pirates)

Addition of French

The Norman ( an ethnic group in Normandy, northern region in France) invasion establishes French language with Germanic influence called Anglo Norman language. In Norman conquest Anglo Norman was a language of king and nobles, old English were spoken by peasant while bilingual language was articulated by merchants and low-level nobles. Norman imparts intellectual words like “justice” and “liberty” in English.

Modern English

Fan the moonbeams from his sleepy eyes, Shakespeare

The 100 years of war between French and Britain brought victory for Britain and English became powerful language in the sphere. Shakespeare alone invented 1700 words in English. Due to wars, colonialism, exploration and diplomacy the language borrowed many words.

Shakespeare invented the word moonbeam and used in his poem A Midsummer night dreams. Other words like “gossip”, “alligator” etc. Phrases like “kill with kindness”, “break the ice”, “good riddance” are also invented by Shakespeare. The first English dictionary was established in 1604.

Scientific advancement boost English

Industrial revolution and technological advancement boost English language. Most of the scientific papers were written in English and it becomes a global language for education and knowledge. Most of the information were available in English. Later their studies were translated in to other language.

Today English language is dominant because of strong influence of American cinema, famous songs, medium of books, internet, social media. Up till now English language has different varieties and accent including American English, British English, South African English, Indian English, Caribbean English. English language incorporating various flavors  has also became the language for international organizations like UNO, IMF, WWF and many more